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TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT

To help you better understand these terms, the following definitions are provided:

Microbial Contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife;

Inorganic Contaminants, such as salts and metals, that can be naturally occurring or can result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming;

Pesticides and Herbicides, that may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses;

Organic Chemical Contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and which can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural applications, and septic systems;

Radioactive Contaminants, that can be naturally occurring or can be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the U.S. EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.

AL (Regulatory Action Level):

The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow.

DLR (Detection Limit Reporting)

The detection level for reporting is set by Fed or State regulation for each reportable analyte

MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level):

The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible.

Secondary MCLs (SMCLs) are set to protect the odor, taste and appearance of drinking water.

MCLG (Maximum Contaminant Level Goal): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by the U.S. EPA.

MRL (Minimum reporting limit)

MRDL (Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

MRDLG (Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.

NA: (Not applicable)

ND (Not detected): Indicates that the substance was not found by laboratory analysis.

NS: (No standard)

NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units): Measurement of the clarity, or turbidity, of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to the average person.

pCi/L (picocuries per liter): A measure of radioactivity.

PDWS (Primary Drinking Water Standard): MCLs and MRDLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements.

PHG (Public Health Goal): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California EPA.

ppb (parts per billion): One part substance per billion parts water (or micrograms per liter).

ppm (parts per million): One part substance per million parts water (or milligrams per liter).

ppt (parts per trillion): One part substance per trillion parts water (or nanograms per liter).

ppq (parts per quadrillion) one part substance per quadrillion parts water (or picograms per liter). SWRCB (State Water Resources Control Board)

46. (Treatment Technique): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water uS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter): A unit expressing the amount of electrical conductivity of a solution
    Units Equivalence
    mg/L – milligrams per liter ppm – parts per million 1 second in 11.5 days
    µg/L – micrograms per liter ppb – parts per billion 1 second in nearly 32 years ng/L – nanograms per liter ppt – parts per trillion 1 second in nearly 32,000 years
    pg/L – picograms per liter ppq – parts per quadrillion 1 second in nearly 32,000,000 years

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Your health and the health of the Redding community are important to us. We are proud of the fact that your water utility not only meets stringent Federal and State Water Quality standards each and every day of the year, but in most cases, contaminant levels fall far below published Primary and Secondary Standards. This means that you, the customer, are assured of the safest water we can deliver to your home or business.

As a division of the City of Redding’s Public Works Department, the Water Utility’s mission is to provide our customers with reliable supply of high-quality drinking water. The Water Utility workforce is made up of highly trained well-equipped, certified operators that are dedicated to achieving their primary mission. Operations staff members monitor the system 365 days a year and stand ready to respond to both routine and emergency conditions. Undersized and aging pipelines are being replaced systematically within the basic framework of the Water Utility Master Plan. Continued investment

in capital facilities such as distribution pipelines, reservoirs, pump stations, water treatment plants and groundwater wells are necessary to maintain the current level of service to our customers.

Towards that end, 27 full time employees: 10 Treatment Operators and 17 Distribution Operators maintain approximately 565 miles of water mains, 30,000 metered service connections, and one 24 MGD surface water treatment plant, one 14 MGD surface water treatment plant, 16 groundwater wells, 1 raw water pump station, 9 booster pump stations, 11 reservoirs totaling 32.7 million gallons of storage, four supervisory valve stations, 14 pressure reducing stations, seven pressure zones and serve approximately 88,000 people within a service area of approximately 60 square miles.

If you have any questions or need additional information on the City of Redding’s Water System please contact Josh Watkins, Water Utility Manager at (530) 224-6068.

Source Water Assessment

The City of Redding conducted source water assessments for its surface water in July 2018 and groundwater sources in May 2002. The source water assessment identifies possible activities in the vicinity of each source that could affect the water quality of that source. The Redding Area Watershed Sanitary Survey was completed in January 2021. For more information on the source water assessment or sanitary survey, please contact the Water Utility at (530) 224-6068 or State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Division of Drinking Water, Field Operations Branch at (530) 224-4800.

The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

• Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
• Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.
• Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.
• Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are byproducts of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
• Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
• Arsenic, While your drinking water meets the federal and state standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic.
  The arsenic standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s possible health effects against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.
• Nitrate, in drinking water at levels above 10 mg/L is a health risk

for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of the infant’s blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant, or you are pregnant, you should ask advice from your health care provider. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity.

In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.

Water Quality Standards and Testing Results

To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the USEPA and the SWRCB prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. SWRCB regulations also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health.

The City’s water supplies must meet stringent water quality standards that are set forth by the USEPA and the SWRCB. The tables on the following pages list all of the drinking water contaminants that were detected during sampling over the past several years. The presence of these contaminants in the water does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. SWRCB allows monitoring for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently. Some of the data, though representative of the water quality, are more than one year old.

Additional General Information on Drinking Water Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the USEPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) or on their website at http://www.epa.gov/safewater.

Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can

be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. USEPA/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the USEPA website.

Infants, young children, and pregnant women are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of the materials used in your home’s plumbing. If your water faucet has not been used for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing the faucet for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home’s water, you may wish to have your water tested. Additional information is available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.

Public Water Systems in 2019 (PWSs) were required to monitor for 10 cynatoxins at entry points to the distribution system 4 consecutive months. City took these samples July thru October 2019, all samples came back absent of any trace of cynatoxins. In addition we monitor 20 additional chemical contaminants from December 2018 to October 2019 as part of UCMR 4 sampling mandate from EPA. Samples were collected from finished water at both of our surface water treatment plants and groundwater well system sites representing the entire water system.

SWRCB Division of Drinking Water (DDW) required more testing of Perfluorooctanoic Acid [PFOA] & Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid [PFOS] for 8 consecutive quarters. The City of Redding began testing in September 2019. In 2019/2020 no sample came back higher than the notification levels (NL) of 6.5 ppt for PFOS or 5.1 ppt of PFOA. Six (6) wells were tested in 2019, four (4) wells were tested in 2020 in the area of the Redding Municipal Airport (see results in tables). The USEPA has not established maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for these unregulated contaminants, and the human health effects of these contaminants at the levels they were found is unclear. In the absence of MCLs and health standards, published guidance or health reference levels are available from the USEPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800- 426-4791) or on their website at http://www.epa.gov/safewater. This data will serve as a primary source of occurrence and exposure information that the agency uses to develop regulatory decisions.

Water Supply Sources

Water sources include surface water from the Sacramento River and Whiskeytown Reservoir which made up 76% of the treated water supply, or approximately 6.46 billion gallons or 19,812 acre-feet. The groundwater from the Redding Groundwater Basin made up 24% of the treated water supply, or approximately 2.02 billion gallons or 6,214 acre-feet. Total water supply equaled

8.48 billion gallons, 26,026 acre-feet. The two surface water treatment plants and 17 groundwater wells supply water to the City of Redding service area. The water system is divided into seven pressure zones: Enterprise (east), Cascade (south), Foothill (central), Hilltop-Dana (northeast), Hill 900 (west), Summit City, and Buckeye (north). The Hill 900 and Foothill zones are supplied with surface water from the Sacramento River via the Foothill Water Treatment Plant (FWTP). The Enterprise and Cascade zones are supplied by a blend of well water and water from the Foothill zone. The Buckeye zone is supplied with surface water from Whiskeytown Reservoir via the Buckeye Water Treatment Plant (BWTP) and water from the Foothill Zone. The Hilltop- Dana zone is supplied with water from both the Enterprise and Buckeye zones. These pressure zones are shown on the City of Redding Water System diagram. City water is considered soft, with low to moderate alkalinity, and comparatively trace levels of disinfection byproducts.

Groundwater Quality

Five of the wells in the Enterprise zone have elevated levels of iron and manganese, which may appear as dark mineral deposits.